Thursday 29 October 2020

One a Day Free – November 1st to December 1st

 


I fear November 2020 may be a gloomy month. So here is a list of my Kindle pieces, which will be free, one per day, during that month. You might know a bit more history by the end. In fact I have added an extra cluster round Remembrance time.

They are all free all the time if you are a Kindle Unlimited subscriber. If you miss the one you wanted, or can’t wait, they mostly cost less than a cup of coffee.

 

Nov 1: “Hitler’s Rise to Power”: This shows how even in highly civilised countries we need to stay alert, and how democracy can go horribly wrong if we let it.

Nov 2: “Bonnie Dundee and the First Jacobite Rebellion”. This takes Walter Scott’s famous song and explains the history behind each verse, from “sour-featured Whigs” to “wild Duniewassals” .

Nov 3: “The Development of Democracy in Britain: 1850-1918”. The day of the US Elections seems a good day to read about democracy. There’s a lot more to it than votes.

Nov 4: “The ‘Glorious’ Whig Revolution 1670-1720, explained with the help of ‘The Vicar of Bray’ “. The 1688 Revolution was part of a longer development. Whigs? Tories? High and Low Church? It’s all here.

Nov 5: “The Unification of Italy”. When I started teaching nearly 50 years ago it was nice to be able to say “Your text book is all wrong. I will tell you what really happened”. History without myth.

Nov 6: “Getting to Know Edinburgh”. This is book-length, and takes you all round the city, into museums and art galleries, gardens and castles. Stuffed with history.

Nov 7: “The Curse of Donald Bane”. The method owes a lot to Rosemary Sutcliff. This play was written as an adventure story that accurately tells a lot of Scottish medieval history.

Nov 8: “The Causes and the Course of the First World War”. This is two lectures. The second lecture explains why Germany lost.

Nov 8: “Why did the Allies win the Second World War?” In less than 5,000 words, this covers land, air, sea, Intelligence – and many continents. A vast subject, but it helps to see it all at once.

Nov 9: “The Causes of the Second World War and Appeasement”. This is two lectures. There is a lot more to this than the nasty obsessions of Hitler.

Nov 10: “Scotland and the Causes of the First World War”. I was commissioned to write this in 2014 for the centenary. It has as much about the causes in general as about the Scottish experience.

Nov 11: “Scotland and the Causes of the First World War”

Nov 11: “The Causes and the Course of the First World War”

Nov 11: The Causes of the Second World War and Appeasement”

Nov 11: “Why did the Allies win the Second World War?”

Nov 12: “Bismarck and the Making of the German Empire”. This is one of the longer lectures; there is a lot to say. Note that Bismarck did not “unify” Germany.

Nov 13: “James IV: Scotland’s Renaissance King”. James ought to be far better known. So should David I, the subject of “The Curse of Donald Bane”. Now’s your chance.

Nov 14: “An Introduction to the Scottish Enlightenment”. What a remarkable moment in intellectual history! Adam Smith, James Hutton, Robert Burns, Joseph Black, and many others. What was going on?

Nov 15: “The Baker Street Irregulars”. Mostly this play is a bit of fun – a new Sherlock Holmes story, set in a Music Hall, so you can join in the songs. But there is also a consideration of poverty.

Nov 16: “Socialism and the Early Years of the British Labour Party”. Historians are not at all surprised by the divisions of the Labour Party; it was set up as a coalition of groups with different ideologies. There is also a separate section explaining the meaning of Socialism (before 1917)

Nov 17: “The Place-Names of Scotland: A First Introduction”. Here I explain how Scotland’s place names tell us about the people’s who have lived here over the millennia – Britons, Picts, Scots, Angles, Norse.

Nov 18: “Votes for Women!”. The politics that led to the vote being granted in 1918 is explained. Just as important is the social and cultural context, which transformed women’s lives and made the vote inevitable.

Nov 19: “The Great Liberal Social Reforms: 1906-1914”. Some of us thought the debate about free school meals, and government’s responsibility to the poor were over before the First World War. Here they are.

Nov 20: “The Congress of Vienna Reassessed”. European governments have been trying to sort out boundaries and settlements for Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire. This puts the Vienna Congress in a long perspective.

Nov 21: “An Introduction to the Renaissance”. Another huge subject but unless you are an expert this may help get your ideas in order. Handy next time you visit Italy.

Nov 22: “The Jacobites”. Covers five risings over 50 years. The various sections include a time-line to give context, a bibliography, an itinerary and (I’m proud of this) a chat in a Stockbridge pub.

Nov 23: “Slavery and the Causes of the American Civil War”. Another piece that is two lectures. They are, of course, closely connected.

Nov 24: “The Protestant Reformation briefly explained”. Spot the wrong date – but this does not affect the explanation, which I am quite pleased with. Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII are all there.

Nov 25: “The Russian Revolution of 1917”. Again here are two lectures. One explains why the Tsar fell. The other explains why the Bolsheviks triumphed.

Nov 26: “Cockburn’s Edinburgh”. This play about Edinburgh in the time of the French Revolution and the Regency has inspired at least one pupil to go on and become an academic scholar of Scottish history. Closely based on Cockburn’s “Memorials”.

Nov 27: “The Cold War”. One lecture explains what it was about. A second explains how it ended. It concentrates mainly on Europe.

Nov 28: “Hitler’s Rise to Power”

Nov 29: “An Introduction to the Scottish Enlightenment”

Nov 30: “The ‘Glorious’ Whig Revolution, explained with the help of 'The Vicar of Bray’ “

Dec 1: “Three Wise Men”. A Christmas play with a difference. The three Magi as you have never seen them before – sometimes very funny, but also contains harsh truths.

 

Thursday 15 October 2020

Cambridge admissions interviews

 

I have seen one or two tweets in the last few days asking for advice for applicants for Cambridge. How should they prepare for interviews? For perhaps my last 20 years as a teacher I was in charge of this for our pupils, and here are some thoughts from that time.

1.       I didn’t teach clever tricks to get in. You get a place on merit – or not. Sometimes the admissions people make mistakes. For example, one of our rejected pupils went on to get the best First in Law at Edinburgh. Yes, Cambridge is a great place to live and study, but you will have an excellent university course wherever you end up.

2.       One great success: A Chinese pupil joined us as a senior and wanted my advice on applying for engineering. I said: Set aside one or two of your free periods each week to go to the school library and read the New Scientist articles on engineering. She was very focused, and she did. I had feedback from her interviewers on how much she had impressed; she got a place. (This started in September, of course.)

3.       On a similar note: A candidate for English arrived. Interviewer: “Are you from Scotland? Have you read “Trainspotting”? I’m having trouble with the Scots dialogue. Could you read some of it to me.” She had, and did, and they discussed it. She got an offer.

4.       I once went and stayed the night and met as many admissions tutors as I could in two days. (This included a medic, who saw me in a anatomy lab, surrounded by dismembered corpses and laughing students; an interesting experience for a history teacher.) They all emphasised the need for applicants to have a knowledge and interest in their subjects that went beyond what was in A-level syllabi. They also emphasised the extreme importance of candidates, especially for subjects that are not studied at school, knowing what the course they were applying for involved. Arch and Anth? Oriental Studies? What papers? What is compulsory and what optional? Find all this out in advance.

5.       I also discovered on this visit that there could be quite a variation college to college. For example, one Modern Linguist was very keen on discussing literature. Another said he never did; only precision of language.

6.       I recall two cases where candidates who failed to get in were so determined that they thought about the feedback and applied again next year (to a different college) with success. In one case, I recall, the unfavourable comment was that he stuck obstinately to his answer even when the interviewer provided facts which might have caused him to think again.

7.       I once asked an admissions tutor whether a clever and ambitious pupil of mine would be better getting all A* at AS level or starring in the school’s Shakespeare play. She replied: “Pass”. This reinforces the point that every college, every admissions person, is different.

8.       Finally: Cambridge deserves its reputation. You will be surrounded by very brainy fellow students and will be expected to reach very high standards in the short terms. It may not be for you. Also, as I said at the start, you will be able to have a great university career whether you get in or not.

Tuesday 29 September 2020

Wordsworth: Nature and Wellbeing

 

 Recently I led a small on-line discussion group about Wordsworth. I do not pretend to be a scholar of the subject, but my notes might be of interest. There were a few short quotations that I distributed beforehand.

 

Four critics

Thomas Hutchinson: “1792 – Nature now yields the first place to Man in Wordsworth’s affections and imagination”

Francis Jeffrey (1802): “The love, or grief, or indignation of an enlightened and refined character is…in itself a different emotion from the love, or grief, or anger, of a clown [a peasant], a tradesman, or a market-wench”

Thomas de Quincey: “Up to 1820 the name of Wordsworth was trampled underfoot; from 1820 to 1830 it was militant; from 1830 to 1835 it has been triumphant”

John Keble, on the occasion of Wordsworth being made a Doctor of Civil Law at Oxford: “One who alone among poets has set the manners, the pursuits and the feelings, religious and traditional, of the poor not merely in a good but…even in a celestial light”

 

Poetry

Poems written in youth

1789 (“An Evening Walk”)

The song of mountain streams, unheard by day,

Now hardly heard, beguiles my homeward way.

Air listens, like the sleeping water still,

To catch the spiritual music of the hill.

 

1792 (“Descriptive sketches taken during a pedestrian tour among the Alps”)

Still, Nature, ever just, to him imparts

Joys only give to uncorrupted hearts

 

Poems referring to the period of childhood

1798 (“Influence of natural objects”)

                                   Thus from my first dawn

Of childhood didst thou intertwine for me

The passions that build up our human soul;

Not with the mean and vulgar works of Man

But with high objects, with enduring things.

With life and nature….

 

Poems founded on the affections

1798 (“The Idiot Boy”)

She kisses o’er and o’er again

Him whom she loves, her Idiot Boy;

She’s happy here, is happy there,

She is uneasy everywhere;

Her limbs are all alive with joy.

 

Poems of the fancy

1802 (“To the Daisy”)

An instinct call it, a blind sense;

A happy, genial influence,

Coming one knows not how, nor whence….

 

Poems of the Imagination

1798 (“There was a boy”)

…a gentle shock of mild surprise

Has carried far into his heart the voice

Of mountain torrents; or the visible scene

Would enter unawares into its mind

With all its solemn imagery.

 

1804 (“I wandered lonely as a cloud”)

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude

 

1798 (“Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey”)

                                 For she [Nature] can so inform

The mind that s within us, so impress

With quietness and beauty, and so feed

With lofty thoughts, that neither evil tongues

Rash judgements, nor the sneers of selfish men,

Nor greetings where no kindness is, nor all

The dreary intercourse of daily life,

Shall e’er prevail against us, or disturb

Our cheerful faith, that all which we behold

Is full of blessings.

 

Memorials of a tour of Scotland 1803

1807 (“At the grave of Burns”)

I mourned with thousands, but as one

More deeply grieved, for He was gone

Whose light I hailed when first it shone,

     And showed my youth

How Verse may build a princely throne

     On humble truth.

 

Independence and Liberty

1802 (“To Toussaint L’Ouverture”)

                         Thou hast great allies;

Thy friends are exultations, agonies,

And loved, and man’s unconquerable mind.

 

The River Duddon

1820 (“Sonnet V”)

Mid sheltering pines, this Cottage rude and grey;

Whose ruddy children by the mother’s eyes

Carelessly watched, sport through the summer day,

Thy pleased associates: - light as endless May

On infant bosoms lonely nature lies.

 

Poems of sentiment and reflection

1798 (“The tables turned”)

And hark! How blithe the throstle sings!

He too is no mean preacher;

Come forth into the light of things,

Let Nature be your Teacher.

 

1806

Spade! with which Wilkinson hath tilled his lands,…..

Health, meekness, ardour, quietness secure

And industry of body and of mind;

And elegant employments that are pure

As nature is; - too pure to be refined.

 

Ode: Intimations of immortality

1803

Thanks to the human heart by which we live,

Thanks to its tenderness, its joys its tears,

To me the meanest flower that blows can give

Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears.

 

 

Letters

1798: “I have written 1300 lines of a poem which I hope to make of considerable utility…”

1801: “The two poems which I have mentioned [“Michael” and “The Brothers”] were written with a view to show that men who do not wear fine cloaths can feel deeply.”

1802: I have often looked upon the conduct of fathers and mothers of the lower classes of society towards Idiots as the great triumph of the human heart.”

1806: To Thomas Wilkinson (1806) “On the other page you will find a copy of verses addressed to an implement of yours; they are supposed to have been composed that afternoon when we were labouring together in your pleasure ground…”

1807: “Trouble not yourself upon their [his poems] present reception; of what moment is that compared to what I trust is their destiny, to console the afflicted, to add sunshine to daylight by making the happy happier, to teach the young and the gracious of every age, to see, to think and feel, and therefore to become more actively and securely virtuous….”

1808: “One of our Neighbours was yesterday walking with me, he suddenly said to me: “I like to walk where I can hear the sound of a Beck. I cannot but think that this Man, without being conscious of it has had many devout feelings connected with the appearances which have presented themselves to him in his employment as a Shepherd, and the pleasure of his heart was an acceptable offering to the divine Being.”

1810, to his wife: “Oh Mary I love you with a passion of love which grows till I tremble to think of its strength.”

1815: “Do you not perceive that my conversations [in “The Excursion”] all take place out of Doors, and all with grand objects of nature surrounding the speakers for the express purpose of their being alluded to in illustration of the subjects treated of.”

1817: “Coleridge talks as a bird sings, as if he could not help it; it is his nature.”

1820: “Nothing which I have seen ion this city [Paris] has interested me at all like the Jardin des Plantes, with the living animals, and the Museum of Natural History which it includes. Scarcely could I refrain from tears of admiration at the sight of this apparently boundless exhibition of the wonders of creation. The Statues and pictures of the Louvre affect me feebly by comparison.”

1830: “Dear Sir Walter [Scott]! I love that man.”

1840: “Scarcely a week passes in which I do not receive grateful acknowledgements of the good they [my poems] have done to the minds of the several writers. They speak of the relief they have received from them under affliction and in grief, and of the calmness and elevation of Spirit which the Poems either give, or assist them in attaining.”

1844: The Editor of the Morning Post: “Rocks and mountains, torrents and wide-spread waters, and all those features of nature which go to the composition of such scenes as this part on England is distinguished for, cannot, in their finer relations to the human mind, be comprehended, or even very imperfectly conceived, without processes of culture or opportunities of observation in some degree habitual.”

 

Before the discussion began I made a few observations to get us started.

 

This is the 250th anniversary of Wordsworth’s birth. My plan is that you should react to the various quotations I’ve sent out and so the discussion will develop; so I hope you have had a chance to look at them. They are all short, anyhow, so you could glance at them as we go.

 

But I have a few things to say before we start discussing.

 

Wordsworth has come under a lot of attack – government agents kept an eye on him for his known radical ideas in the early 1790s when being a radical was by no means safe, especially once the French wars began. Then there were hostile critics in his own lifetime, most notably Francis Jeffrey in the “Edinburgh Review”. Then there were fellow radicals who felt that he had betrayed them by becoming a settled member of society with a regular income as Distributor of Stamps for Westmorland. Then in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries there were plenty more critics, loosely defined, who saw him as a Victorian sentimentalist who wrote absurd poems about leech gatherers and pretty poems about daffodils, but never got to any depth. That’s just ignorant and wrong, of course. If I am trying to redress the balance that does not mean that I’m putting him on a pedestal as someone who can do no wrong, and all of whose poems were wonderful. But I do think he was a very great poet indeed. His contribution to our Creationtide theme of Nature and Wellbeing is enormous.

 

Secondly: It is worth reminding ourselves that he was an enormously prolific poet. My collected poems has 698 pages of small print in double columns.

 

He always insisted that his work should be seen as a whole, not as separate bits. Individual poems about cuckoos or daisies or beggars may seem a bit light weight in themselves but he intended them as bricks in an edifice. He was a life-long reviser and rearranger. He insisted on the categories I’ve used here. This sometimes irritated publishers and readers, but he was determined. It is interesting that he placed as the last of his poems, apart from “The Prelude” and “The Excursion”, his “Ode on The Intimations of Immortality, From Recollections of Early Childhood”.

 

His great life’s work, “The Recluse” was never completed.  “The Excursion” was to be the first part of it. It contains magnificent passages, but in the view of most, doesn’t quite make it. I am going to read you a paragraph from a that Coleridge wrote to him after he read “The Excursion”. It is only two sentences long, but one of them is I think the longest sentence I have ever read. …….. The exhilarating vision they had developed in Alfoxden could not quite be realised.

 

Mind you, it does contain some momentous passages. Here is one that relates to our theme. In it the Wanderer tries to lift the Solitary out of depression….

 

“The Prelude”, incidentally, was to be a prelude to this work. Also, I expect you know, it was not published till after Wordsworth’s death.

Mentioning the “Prelude” I must mention Annette Vallon. It is well known that they fell in love and conceived a child while Wordsworth, in his early 20s, was in France at the start of the Revolution. The affair is skirted round in the Prelude – more or less written out. What ought to be remembered as well is these things.

In 1802, during the brief truce in the French wars, Wordsworth and Dorothy visited France. They got no further than Calais, and meeting Annette, and getting to know their 9 year-old daughter Caroline was one of the most important parts of the trip.

1814: The French Wars over it was Mary who writes “something handsome should be done for dear Caroline”, and they settled on her and her husband £30.00 a year. They planned for Dorothy at least to go to the wedding, but this was prevented by Napoleon’s return from Elba.

1820: William and Mary and Dorothy tour many of the places William had visited in the early 1790s. This included a month in Paris, and we learn of Mary and Annette meeting in the Louvre and Caroline – now a mother herself – calling William “father”.

 

I hope lots of other points emerge in the discussion.

Monday 7 September 2020

History pieces free on Kindle: September 10th - October 7th

 


September

10: The Curse of Donald Bane

11: The Baker Street Irregulars

12: The Congress of Vienna Reassessed

13: The Protestant Reformation Briefly Explained

14: The “Glorious” Whig Revolution: 1670-1720

15: Three Wise Men

16: An Introduction to the Renaissance

17: Cockburn’s Edinburgh

18: Bonnie Dundee and the First Jacobite Rebellion

19: The Place-Names of Scotland: a First Introduction

20: An Introduction to the Scottish Enlightenment

21: James IV, Scotland’s Renaissance King

22: Getting to Know Edinburgh

23: The Jacobites

24: Scotland and the Causes of the First World War

25: The Cold War

26: The Causes and the Course of the First World War

27: Why did the Allies Win the Second World War?

28: Socialism and the Early Years of the British Labour Party

29: The Unification of Italy

30: The Development of Democracy in the UK: 1850-1918

October

1: Bismarck and the Making of the German Empire

2: The Great Liberal Social Reforms: 1906-1914

3: Slavery and the Causes of the American Civil War

4: Hitler’s Rise to Power

5: Votes for Women!

6: The Causes of the Second World War and Appeasement

7: The Russian Revolution of 1917

Friday 14 August 2020

Creationtide 2020

 


Every year at St John’s Church, Princes Street, Edinburgh we celebrate Creationtide, from the 1st of September till Harvest Festival. This is usually about the same time as the Feast of St Francis. Our theme this year is Nature and Wellbeing. To go with this we have selected a number of short quotations on that theme. You will notice that we have taken only one quotation from each author; even William Wordsworth and St Francis himself. We hope that these, with the accompanying photos, may help you to reflect thankfully and beneficially upon the wonder of nature. Some of the extracts are intended to provoke thought.

September 1

Saint Matthew, Gospel, Chapter 6 verses 28 and 29: Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow. They toil not, neither do they spin. And yet I say unto you, that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.


 

September 2

John Ruskin, Letters to the Workmen and Labourers of Great Britain:  Your garden is to enable you to obtain such knowledge as you may best use in the country in which you live by communicating it to others; and teaching them to take pleasure in the green herb, given for meat, and the coloured flower given for joy.

 


September 3

Konrad Lorenz, King Solomon’s Ring: The whole charm of childhood still lingers, for me, in such a fishing-net… With such an instrument, I caught, at the age of nine, the first Daphnia for my fishes, thereby discovering the wonder-world of the freshwater pond which immediately drew me under its spell. In the train of the fishing-net came the magnifying glass; after this again a modest little microscope, and therewith my fate was sealed; for he who has once seen the intimate beauty of nature cannot tear himself away again. He must become either a poet or a naturalist.

 


September 4

Roger Deakin, Wildwood: A Journey through trees: I live beneath the protective boughs of a sheltering ash. The tree springs up as a single trunk of nine-foot girth for five feet and then divides into three, each of its branched trunks four feet in girth arching high above me. I love its natural flamboyance and energy, and the swooping habit of its branches; the way they plunge towards the earth, then upturn, tracing the trajectory of a diver entering the water and surfacing.

 


September 5

Simon Schama, Landscape and Memory: Arguably both kinds of Arcadia, the idyllic as well as the wild, are landscapes of the urban imagination…The quarrel even persists at the heart of debates within the environmental movement, between the deeper and paler shades of Greens… You would never know it from the languid nymphs and shepherds that populate the pastoral landscapes of the Renaissance, but the mark of the original Arcadians was their bestiality. Their presiding divinity, Pan, copulated with goats and betrayed his own animal nature in his woolly thighs and cloven feet.

 


 September 6

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring

                                Nothing is so beautiful as Spring –

                                   When weeds, in wheels, shoot long and lovely and lush;

                                   Thrush’s eggs look little low heavens, and thrush

                                Through the echoing timber does so rinse and wring

                                The ear it strikes like lightnings to hear him sing;

                                   The glassy peartree leaves and blooms, they brush

                                   The descending blue; that blue is all in a rush

                                With richness; the racing lambs too have fair their fling.

                                What is all this juice and all this joy?

                                   A strain of earth’s sweet being in the beginning

                                In Eden garden.

 


September 7

Oliver Rackham, The History of the Countryside: Gamekeepers kept alive (as they still do) many otherwise disused woods that might have been grubbed out; they also kept up the coppicing. But they took it upon themselves to persecute beasts and birds of prey and to exclude the public from the woods. This need not have been so. France, Germany, and Switzerland are equally good shooting countries, and yet ancient woods are everyone’s heritage; in Britain alone we have lost that birthright, and with it our knowledge and love of woods.

 


September 8

Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal November 8th 1802: A beautiful day. William got to work again at Ariosto, and so continued all the morning, though the day was so delightful that it made my very heart linger to be out of doors, and see and feel the beauty of the autumn in freedom.

 


September 9

Keith Thomas, Man and the Natural World: Changing attitudes in England 1500-1800: The modern idea of the balance of nature thus had a theological basis before it gained a scientific one. It was belief in the perfection of God’s design which preceded and underpinned the concept of the ecological chain, any link of which it would be dangerous to remove.

 

 

September 10

Geoffrey Winthrop Young, A Hill:

                                Climb but a little hill: you too may find

                                The clouds ebb surely from your clearer mind.

 


September 11

Sir Walter Scott, The Heart of Midlothian: They landed in this Highland Arcadia, at the mouth of a small stream which watered the delightful and peaceable valley… Far to the right were seen the dusky and more gigantic mountains of Argyleshire, with a seaward view of the shattered and thunder-splitten peaks of Arran. But to Jeanie, whose taste for the picturesque, if she had any by nature, had never been awakened or cultivated, the sight of the faithful old May Hettley, as she opened the door to receive them, was worth the whole varied landscape.



 


September 12

Richard Hamblyn, The Cloud Book: As will have been apparent during the course of this book, clouds often play a valuable role in indicating short-range weather conditions, but when it comes to predicting longer-term climate changes, they are entirely unknown quantities.

 


September 13

Homer, The Odyssey (Calypso’s Isle):

                                Four springs in a row, bubbling clear and cold,

                                Running side-by-side, took channels left and right.

                                Soft meadows spreading round were starred with violets,

                                Lush with beds of parsley. Why even a deathless god

                                Who came upon their place would gaze in wonder.

 


September 14

Leonardo da Vinci, The Artist’s course of study: Nature is so delightful and abundant in its variations that among trees of the same kind there would not be found one which nearly resembles another, and not only the plants as a whole, but among their branches, leaves and fruit, will not be found one which is precisely like another.

 

 

 

September 15

George Basterfield, The Harebells of Mosedale:

                                Twenty desolate harebells

                                  Playing a modest part,

                                Chime a tender sweetness

                                  Down in a climber’s heart.

 


September 16

David Blackbourn, The Conquest of Nature: Water, Landscape and the Making of Modern Germany: The brave new world of dykes, ditches, windmills, fields and meadows, a landscape of “wealth and almost Dutch cleanliness”, delivered many undeniable benefits [to Oderbruch]...It is harder today to summon up unqualified enthusiasm, which passes over the costs of that conquest… The inhabitants, no more than 170 families in the Bruch proper, were amphibious. They lived primarily as fishermen… For much of the year, except during low water and winter ice, their only means of communication through the labyrinthine waterways was by flat-bottomed boat. This way of life was destroyed.

 


September 17

William Dunbar, Of the Nativitie of Christ:

                                Sing, hevin imperial, most of hicht,

                                Regions of air, make armony!

                                All fish in flude, and fowl of flicht,

                                Be mirthful and make melody!

                                All, Gloria in excelsis cry –

                                Hevin, eard, sea, man, bird and best –

                                He that is crownit abone the sky

                                Pro nobis puer natus est.

                               

 

 

September 18

John Lewis-Stempel, The private life of an English field – Meadowland: My daughter’s school carol service, in Hereford Cathedral… Later that night, I go down to the field, and stand there in the vertiginous dark, with the lights of the stars above me. The mountains make for high walls, the stars for candles. There is no difference between the cathedral and the field.

 


September 19

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales:

                                Whan that Aprill with his shoures soote

                                The droghte of March hath perced to the roote,

                                And bathed every veyne in swich licour

                                Of which vertu engendred is the flour;

                                Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeeth

                                Inspred hath in every holt and heeth

                                The tender croppes, and the yonge sonne

                                Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne,

                                And small foweles maken melodye,

                                Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages.

 


September 20

Thomas Traherne, The First Century, number 28: Your Enjoyment of the World is never right, till evry Morning you awake in Heaven: see your self in your father’s Palace: and look upon the Skies and the Earth and the Air, as Celestial Joys.

 


September 21

George Orwell, Some thoughts on the Common Toad: I think that by retaining one’s childhood love of such things as trees, fishes, butterflies and toads, one makes a decent future a little more probable…At any rate, spring is here, even in London N.1., and they can’t stop you enjoying it…How many times have I watched toads mating, or a pair of hares having a boxing match in the young corn, and thought of all the important persons who would stop me enjoying this if they could. But luckily they can’t.

 


September 22

Alfred Wainwright, The Northern Fells: Book Five is dedicated to those who travel alone, the solitary wanderers on the fells, who find contentment in the companionship of the mountains and of the creatures of the mountains.

 


September 23

Christopher North, The Angler’s Tent:

                                The mountains ring: Oh! what a joy is there!

                                As hurries o’er their heights in circling dance,

                                Cave-loving Echo, Daughter of the Air.

 

 

 

September 24

Gilbert White, The Natural History of Selborne: Echo has always been so amusing to the imagination, that the poets have personified her; and in their hands she has been the occasion of many a beautiful fiction. Nor need the gravest man be ashamed to appear taken with such a phenomenon, since it may become the subject of philosophical or mathematical enquiries.

 


September 25

John Buchan, Memory Hold-the-door: Wood, sea and hill were the intimacies of my childhood, and they have never lost their spell for me. But the spell of each was different. The woods and beaches were always foreign paces, in which I was at best a sojourner. But the Border hills were my own possession, a countryside in which my roots went deep…This attachment to a corner of earth induced a love of nature in general.

 


September 26

William Blake, Laughing Song:

                                When  the green woods laugh with the voice of joy

                                And the dimpling stream runs laughing by,

                                When the air does laugh with our merry wit,

                                 And the green hill laughs with the noise of it.

 


September 27

Beatrix Potter, The Fairy Caravan: Tuppenny ran and ran, splashing through the puddles with little bare feet… Tuppenny felt like a new guinea-pig. For the first time he smelt the air of the hills. What matter if the wind were chilly; it blew from the mountains… The short-cropped turf would soon be gay with wild flowers; even in early April it was sweet. Tuppenny felt as though he could run for miles.

 

 

 September 28

G.M. Trevelyan, Preservation of the Scenery: The happiness and the soul’s health of the whole people are at stake. The preservation of natural beauty as an element in our nation’s life is a cause that deeply concerns people of every sort who are working to maintain any ideal standards and any healthy life… If natural beauty disappears, religion, education, national tradition, social reform, literature and art, will all be deprived of a principal source of life and vigour.

 


September 29

Daniel Defoe, The Borders of Lancashire and Westmoreland: Here we entered Westmoreland, a country eminent only for being the wildest, most barren and frightful of any that I have passed over in England, or even in Wales it self; the west side, which borders on Cumberland, is indeed bounded by a chain of almost unpassable mountains, which in language of the country are called Fells.

 


September 30

Anon, Robin Hood and the Monk

                                In somer, when the shawes be sheyne,

                                And leves be large and long,

                                Hit is full mery in feyre foreste

                                To here the foulys song.

 


October 1

Arthur Ransome, The Picts and the Martyrs: Dick became interested from another point of view. “Like natural history,” he said. “There’s no good in hating wasps because they sting. What matters is to understand how they do it. It works both ways. When you understand you don’t mind so much, even if it’s you who gets stung. Like that mosquito. I forgot how beastly he was when I was watching him and saw him uncurl his proboscis and shove it in and start sucking blood up out of the back of my hand… Of course it was scratchy afterwards just the same.”

 


October 2

Isaac Walton, The Compleat Angler: My honest scholar, all this is told to incline you to thankfulness; and to incline you the more, let me tell you, and though the prophet David was guilty of murder and adultery, and many other of the most deadly sins, yet he was said to be a man after God’s own heart because he abounded more with thankfulness than any other that is mentioned in Holy Scripture… Let us not forget to praise him for the innocent mirth and pleasure we have met with since we met together. What would a blind man give to see the pleasant rivers, and meadows, and flowers that we have met with since we met together?

 


October 3

William Wordsworth, Ode – Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood

                                Thanks to the human heart by which we live,

                                Thanks to its tenderness, its joys, and fears,

                                To me the meanest flower that blows can give

                                Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears.

 

 


October 4

Saint Francis, Cantico delle creature

                                Laudato si’, mi Signore, per sora nostra matre terra,

                                La quale ne sustena et governa

                                Et produce diversi fructi con coloriti fiori et herba.

[Be praised , Lord, for sister our mother earth, who maintains and governs us and puts forth different fruits with coloured flowers and grass.]



Wednesday 12 August 2020

History Pieces Free on Kindle 13th August to 9th September

 

My various Kindle pieces will be free on the following days. Usually I will post the link on the day; some days I will not be at home to do this, but it should be easy enough to find the piece if you wish to.

 

August

13     Scotland and the Causes of the First World War

14     The Protestant Reformation briefly explained

15     Why did the Allies win the Second World War?

16     The Jacobites

17     The Congress of Vienna Reassessed

18     The Cold War

19     The Curse of Donald Bane

20     The “Glorious” Whig Revolution: 1670-1720

21     Socialism and the Early Years of the British Labour Party

22     The Place-names of Scotland: A First Introduction

23     The Unification of Italy

24     Cockburn’s Edinburgh

25     The Great Liberal Reforms 1906-1914

26     James IV: Scotland’s Renaissance King

27     The Causes and the Course of the First World War

28     The Baker Street Irregulars

29     The Development of Democracy in Britain 1850-1918

30     An Introduction to the Scottish Enlightenment

31     Getting to Know Edinburgh

September

1     Three Wise Men

2     Bismarck and the Making of the German Empire

3     Bonnie Dundee and the First Jacobite Rebellion

4     Slavery and the Causes of the American Civil War

5     Hitler’s Rise to Power

6     An Introduction to the Renaissance

7     Votes for Women!

8     The Causes of the Second World War and Appeasement

9     The Russian Revolution of 1917